» Newspeak, MSN, 1984, and "forbidden" words

15 June 2005 - 9:22am

Newspeak, MSN, 1984, and "forbidden" words

Matsu's picture

Newspeak was designed not to extend but to diminish the range of thought, and this purpose was indirectly assisted by cutting the choice of words down to a minimum.

--The Principles of Newspeak,"1984," by George Orwell

Media girl alerted us to the article Microsoft joins hands with Yahoo!, Google to censor China's web

BEIJING (AFP) - Users of Microsoft's new China-based Internet portal have been blocked from using the words "democracy", "freedom" and "human rights" in an apparent move by the US software giant to appease Beijing.

Other words that could not be used on Microsoft's free online blog service MSN Spaces include "Taiwan independence" and "demonstration".

Bloggers who enter such words or other politically charged or pornographic content are prompted with a message that reads: "This item should not contain forbidden speech such as profanity. Please enter a different word for this item".

Officials at Microsoft's Beijing offices refused to comment.

Certain words are under siege. Stop words such as "democracy," "freedom," and "human rights." By removing these offending words from the conversation, the gray men who run Red China, hope to manage the dialog.

Is this something out of Ayn Rand's "Anthem," or Orwell's "1984?" Alas, this isn't science fiction. The grinning Gates, who caved to anti-gay activist Christian fundamentalists and abandoned diversity policies (if only temporarily), now kowtows to the neo-Emperors who have left the Forbidden City for fancier digs. Certain words are out, and that's it! You want all the money China has? Then there is a price you will pay.

Do search engines have a price?

We run searches on the mighty corporate engines for which we seemingly pay nothing, yet we see how valuable Google, for example, is. The valuation is enormous

With share prices nearing the $300 mark and current market capitalization topping $80 billion, Google is considered the most valuable media company in the world, surpassing the $78 billion value of Time-Warner and rising far above Yahoo's estimated value of $56 billion.

Yes, lucky us. The Internet is free. We pay nothing . . . "and now a word from our sponsors."

Of course there's Darknet and the super-Internet that's being assembled in secret with blazing speed - but don't worry, "we won't charge much. We never do. Trust us."

Are there any search mavens here? Those who do serious searching know there are eight words allowed. We can exclude words with a "minus" sign in front and get different results by doubling (repeating) the same word twice. There are words that are ignored, the so-called "stop" words such as "a," "an," "the," which the engine ignores unless it is specifically told to include these, but they count against the allowed eight. And, of course, after eight, the engine ignores the rest, although there are special tricks to look at 16.

Newspeak

So it's here. Orwell's prediction that sometime after 1984, language itself would be modified wholesale to enforce the will of the state. We read about Newspeak, in an appendix at the end of the novel.

Newspeak was the official language of Oceania, and had been devised to meet the ideological needs of Ingsoc, or English Socialism. In the year 1984 there was not as yet anyone who used Newspeak as his sole means of communication, either in speech or writing. The leading articles of the Times were written in it, but this was a tour de force which could only be carried out by a specialist, It was expected that Newspeak would have finally superseded Oldspeak (or standard English, as we should call it) by about the year 2050.

. . .

The purpose of Newspeak was not only to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of IngSoc, but to make all other modes of thought impossible. It was intended that when Newspeak had been adopted once and for all and Oldspeak forgotten . . .

Quite apart from the suppression of definitely heretical words, reduction of vocabulary was regarded as an end in itself, and no word that could be dispenses with was allowed to survive. Newspeak was designed not to extend but to diminish the range of thought, and this purpose was indirectly assisted by cutting the choice of words down to a minimum. Newspeak was founded on the English language as we now know it, though many Newspeak sentences, even when not containing newly created words, would be barely intelligible to an English-speaker of our own day.

--The Principles of Newspeak,"1984," by George Orwell

Written in 1947, Orwell wanted to title his cautionary tale "1948," but the publishers insisted the digits be switched and turned it into "1984." It could have easily been called "Tomorrow," or "Next Year."

The New Stop Words

It's almost eerie how the new "Stop Words" are entering the search engines.

As we have already seen in the case of the word free, words which had once borne a heretical meaning were sometimes retained for the sake of convenience, but only with the undesirable meanings purged out of them. Countless other words such as honour, justice, morality, internationalism, democracy, science, and religion had simply ceased to exist. A few blanket words covered them, and, in covering them, abolished them. All words grouping themselves round the concepts of liberty and equality, for instance, were contained in the single word crimethink,

--The Principles of Newspeak,"1984," by George Orwell

Let's look at how this has progressed outside of the realm of Boolean words and symbols. Let us think about the terms "Christian," and "sanctity of marriage," and "family values" as words and the following passage from Orwell.

Greater precision would have been dangerous. What was required in a Party member was an outlook similar to that of the ancient Hebrew who knew, without knowing much else, that all nations other than his own worshipped 'false gods'. He did not need to know that these gods were called Baal, Osiris, Moloch, Ashtaroth, and the like: probably the less he knew about them the better for his orthodoxy. He knew Jehovah and the commandments of Jehovah: he knew, therefore, that all gods with other names or other attributes were false gods. In somewhat the same way, the party member knew what constituted right conduct, and in exceedingly vague, generalized terms he knew what kinds of departure from it were possible. His sexual life, for example, was entirely regulated by the two Newspeak words sexcrime (sexual immorality) and goodsex (chastity). Sexcrime covered all sexual misdeeds whatever. It covered fornication, adultery, homosexuality, and other perversions, and, in addition, normal intercourse practised for its own sake. There was no need to enumerate them separately, since they were all equally culpable, and, in principle, all punishable by death.

--The Principles of Newspeak,"1984," by George Orwell

In the 1968 "Esquire" retrospective on Orwell, the sidebar said,

He warned us of men who think in slogans and speak in bullets.

The book is set in "1984," but it's real ending is 2050. Perhaps I will live long enough to see this world, but then I pause and reflect.

Maybe there needs to be a remake of the film "1984" that tanked at the box office? Maybe it is better than the raft of "futuristic" films being made today.

But then I pause. The film is being made around me as I speak. All I have to do is point my camera around at the world, and there it is.

5

Comments

Matsu's picture
Matsu says:

Ironic, it struck me -- after Winston Smith, the main character of "1984" is discovered to be against the state, personified by B.B. (Big Brother), Smith is "rehabilitated" - tortured at the Ministry of Love - and after being sufficiently destroyed psychologicaly, he is made part of a committee to figure out if commas should be inside or outside the quotation marks.

It is not that funny though. The last lines of the book are chilling. There are no martyrs in 1984. When they are shot, the State makes sure that the person - like in China - understands the justice of the punishment.

I recall this from memory from 1963, but I think I have it close. "[How foolish he had been; what a terrible misunderstanding] A gin scented tear trickled down his check as the bullet entered his brain. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother."


(15 June 2005 - 10:25am)
Tseten's picture
Tseten says:

You may post your comment to this essay.


(16 June 2005 - 9:37am)
Matsu's picture
Matsu says:

I posted this is response to an an invitation to post.

__________________________

There is a darker side to the use of words and I address this in an on Media Girl.

Removing words from search engines is an attempt to control what can be discussed. The next step is removing words from an entire language.

Since the dawn of language, borrowings have been part of living languages. When language ceases to evolve, it is a dead language.

On the other hand, dropping words that have political implications is different and we ought to be watchful when governments and business and technology, what Eisenhower called "the military-industrial complex" collude to keep people from communicating.


(18 June 2005 - 6:21am)
Tseten's picture
Tseten says:

Hallo Matsu

Thank you for your valuable input.

Regards

Tseten


(21 June 2005 - 9:31am)
media girl's picture

Fabulous observations, and so true. Which is maybe why "Brave New World" and "1984" are out of favor in schools these days. No sense giving the peasants a chance at realizing that we are so close to telescreens, that revisionist history is practiced by our current administration, and that half our kids and large numbers of our adults are indeed taking a soma a day to keep the troubles away.


(15 June 2005 - 10:28am)
BetaCandy's picture
BetaCandy says:

Orwell wasn't making it up, was he?

I got to talking to some friends a few weeks ago, and it turned out all of us were bothered by our decreasing ability to recall simple, everyday words on a regular basis. You know, the sort of brain fart that leads to a person making statements like, "It's the thing with the stuff that, you know."

We did some further talking and realized we all spend an inordinate amount of time dealing with search engines, and have therefore had to learn to think as they do - which is to say, extremely primitively compared to an organic brain. Could we actually be limiting our associative abilities by retraining our minds to think in as linear and non-contextual a way as a search engine?

When you're raising a small child, you have to learn to think like one all over again, and it gets hard to remember how to talk to adults. Search engines are far less sophisticated than three year olds.


(18 June 2005 - 12:24am)
media girl's picture

There's a theory that business strategy is limited by what can be distilled into PowerPoint presentations, because that's how business managers communicate within the company. Same thing, and much more pernicious than the cliches of long-term thinking limited to the next quarter.

Who can think sustained thoughts past the 5-7 minutes we have in commercial television between commercials? We're trained to think in short spurts. The repeated interruptions of crap we have no interest in train us not to think for long periods of time. As an adaptive measure, we try to make commercials into what we really want to see, just to cope with the total powerlessness of the television experience.

Another reason to hold out hope for the internet -- it might train the public to think beyond sound bites.

Might.


(18 June 2005 - 12:40am)

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» Newspeak, MSN, 1984, and "forbidden" words